Docker installs two custom chains named DOCKER-USER and DOCKER. WebSo I assume you don't have docker installed or you do not use the host network for the fail2ban container. Use the "Hosts " menu to add your proxy hosts. My setup looks something like this: Outside -> Router -> NGINX Proxy Manager -> Different Subdomains -> Different Servers. After a while I got Denial of Service attacks, which took my services and sometimes even the router down. In the volume directive of the compose file, you mention the path as - "../nginx-proxy-manager/data/logs/:/log/npm/:ro". As v2 is not actively developed, just patched by the official author, it will not be added in v2 unless someone from the community implements it and opens a pull request. How would fail2ban work on a reverse proxy server? Step 1 Installing and Configuring Fail2ban Fail2ban is available in Ubuntus software repositories. Still, nice presentation and good explanations about the whole ordeal. Well occasionally send you account related emails. So please let this happen! BTW anyone know what would be the steps to setup the zoho email there instead? We need to enable some rules that will configure it to check our Nginx logs for patterns that indicate malicious activity. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. The value of the header will be set to the visitors IP address. WebWith the visitor IP addresses now being logged in Nginxs access and error logs, Fail2ban can be configured. Any guidance welcome. I followed the above linked blog and (on the second attempt) got the fail2ban container running and detecting my logs, but I do get an error which (I'm assuming) actually blocks any of the ban behavior from taking effect: f2b | 2023-01-28T16:41:28.094008433Z 2023-01-28 11:41:28,093 fail2ban.actions [1]: ERROR Failed to execute ban jail 'npm-general-forceful-browsing' action 'action-ban-docker-forceful-browsing' info 'ActionInfo({'ip': '75.225.129.88', 'family': 'inet4', 'fid': at 0x7f0d4ec48820>, 'raw-ticket': at 0x7f0d4ec48ee0>})': Error banning 75.225.129.88. I guess fail2ban will never be implemented :(. To get started, we need to adjust the configuration file that fail2ban uses to determine what application logs to monitor and what actions to take when offending entries are found. https://www.authelia.com/ Each chain also has a name. This one mixes too many things together. Authelia itself doesnt require a LDAP server or its own mysql database, it can use built in single file equivalents just fine for small personal installations. It seemed to work (as in I could see some addresses getting banned), for my configuration, but I'm not technically adept enough to say why it wouldn't for you. Once this option is set, HAProxy will take the visitors IP address and add it as a HTTP header to the request it makes to the backend. Adding the fallback files seems useful to me. Sign up for Infrastructure as a Newsletter. You can use the action_mw action to ban the client and send an email notification to your configured account with a whois report on the offending address. Thanks. My mail host has IMAP and POP proxied, meaning their bans need to be put on the proxy. bleepcoder.com uses publicly licensed GitHub information to provide developers around the world with solutions to their problems. I am after this (as per my /etc/fail2ban/jail.local): : I should unistall fail2ban on host and moving the ssh jail into the fail2ban-docker config or what? In terminal: $ sudo apt install nginx Check to see if Nginx is running. (Note: if you change this header name value, youll want to make sure that youre properly capturing it within Nginx to grab the visitors IP address). I have disabled firewalld, installed iptables, disabled (renamed) /jail.d/00-firewalld.conf file. Asked 4 months ago. This tells Nginx to grab the IP address from the X-Forwarded-For header when it comes from the IP address specified in the set_real_ip_from value. The only place (that I know of) that its used is in the actionstop line, to clear a chain before its deleted. Fail2ban does not update the iptables. Is that the only thing you needed that the docker version couldn't do? Thanks @hugalafutro. For many people, such as myself, that's worth it and no problem at all. This is important - reloading ensures that changes made to the deny.conf file are recognized. How does the NLT translate in Romans 8:2? Sure, thats still risky, allowing iptables access like this is always risky, but thats what needs to be done barring some much more complex setups. If a law is new but its interpretation is vague, can the courts directly ask the drafters the intent and official interpretation of their law? privacy statement. The default action (called action_) is to simply ban the IP address from the port in question. If youve ever done some proxying and see Fail2Ban complaining that a host is already banned, this is one cause. It seems to me that goes against what , at least I, self host for. Now i've configured fail2ban on my webserver which is behind the proxy correctly (it can detect the right IP adress and bans it) but I can still access the web service with my banned IP. However, by default, its not without its drawbacks: Fail2Ban uses iptables I get about twice the amount of bans on my cloud based mailcow mail server, along the bans that mailcow itself facilitates for failed mail logins. Very informative and clear. Thanks for writing this. @dariusateik the other side of docker containers is to make deployment easy. If I test I get no hits. I'd suggest blocking up ranges for china/Russia/India/ and Brazil. All I need is some way to modify the iptables rules on a remote system using shell commands. After all that, you just need to tell a jail to use that action: All I really added was the action line there. When operating a web server, it is important to implement security measures to protect your site and users. And even tho I didn't set up telegram notifications, I get errors about that too. rev2023.3.1.43269. If the value includes the $query_string variable, then an attack that sends random query strings can cause excessive caching. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? I am having an issue with Fail2Ban and nginx-http-auth.conf filter. I understand that there are malicious people out there and there are users who want to protect themselves, but is f2b the only way for them to do this? @BaukeZwart , Can you please let me know how to add the ban because I added the ban action but it's not banning the IP. Server Fault is a question and answer site for system and network administrators. I want to try out this container in a production environment but am hesitant to do so without f2b baked in. I agree than Nginx Proxy Manager is one of the potential users of fail2ban. I also adjusted the failregex in filter.d/npm-docker.conf, here is the file content: Referencing the instructions that @hugalafutro mentions here: I attempted to follow your steps, however had a few issues: The compose file you mention includes a .env file, however you didn't provide the contents of this file. PTIJ Should we be afraid of Artificial Intelligence? This will let you block connections before they hit your self hosted services. This will let you block connections before they hit your self hosted services. To do so, you will have to first set up an MTA on your server so that it can send out email. thanks. I have a question about @mastan30 solution: fail2ban-docker requires that fail2ban itself has to (or must not) be installed on the host machine (dont think, iti is in the container)? It works for me also. Should I be worried? The steps outlined here make many assumptions about both your operating environment and Open the file for editing: Below the failregex specification, add an additional pattern. If you set up Postfix, like the above tutorial demonstrates, change this value to mail: You need to select the email address that will be sent notifications. 2023 DigitalOcean, LLC. Learning the basics of how to protect your server with fail2ban can provide you with a great deal of security with minimal effort. In production I need to have security, back ups, and disaster recovery. Depending on how proxy is configured, Internet traffic may appear to the web server as originating from the proxys IP address, instead of the visitors IP address. Will removing "cloudflare-apiv4" from the config and foregoing the cloudflare specific action.d file run fine? Hi, sorry me if I dont understand:( I've tried to add the config file outside the container, fail2ban is running but seems to not catch the bad ip, i've tried your rules with fail2ban-regex too but I noted: SUMMARY: it works, using the suggested config outside the container, on the host. This will prevent our changes from being overwritten if a package update provides a new default file: Open the newly copied file so that we can set up our Nginx log monitoring: We should start by evaluating the defaults set within the file to see if they suit our needs. Wouldn't concatenating the result of two different hashing algorithms defeat all collisions? I love the proxy manager's interface and ease of use, and would like to use it together with a authentication service. I've got a question about using a bruteforce protection service behind an nginx proxy. bantime = 360 Fail2Ban runs as root on this system, meaning I added roots SSH key to the authorized_keys of the proxy hosts user with iptables access, so that one can SSH into the other. I am behind Cloudflare and they actively protect against DoS, right? [Init], maxretry = 3 What command did you issue, I'm assuming, from within the f2b container itself? https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-configure-postfix-as-a-send-only-smtp-server-on-ubuntu-14-04. I'm not an regex expert so any help would be appreciated. nice tutorial but despite following almost everything my fail2ban status is different then the one is give in this tutorial as example. I mean, If you want yo give up all your data just have a facebook and tik tok account, post everything you do and write online and be done with it. But i dont want to setup fail2ban that it blocks my proxy so that it gets banned and nobody can access those webservices anymore because blocking my proxys ip will result in blocking every others ip, too. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts, https://docs.rackspace.com/support/how-to/block-an-ip-address-on-a-Linux-server/. If you set up email notifications, you should see messages regarding the ban in the email account you provided. Even with no previous firewall rules, you would now have a framework enabled that allows fail2ban to selectively ban clients by adding them to purpose-built chains: If you want to see the details of the bans being enforced by any one jail, it is probably easier to use the fail2ban-client again: It is important to test your fail2ban policies to ensure they block traffic as expected. This took several tries, mostly just restarting Fail2Ban, checking the logs to see what error it gave this time, correct it, manually clear any rules on the proxy host, and try again. WebThe fail2ban service is useful for protecting login entry points. Premium CPU-Optimized Droplets are now available. Or may be monitor error-log instead. All rights belong to their respective owners. i.e. Https encrypted traffic too I would say, right? Yes fail2ban would be the cherry on the top! To make this information appear in the logs of Nginx, modify nginx.conf to include the following directives in your http block. What does a search warrant actually look like? Since its the proxy thats accepting the client connections, the actual server host, even if its logging system understands whats happening (say, with PROXY protocol) and logs the real clients IP address, even if Fail2Ban puts that IP into the iptables rules, since thats not the connecting IP, it means nothing. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Here is the sample error log from nginx 2017/10/18 06:55:51 [warn] 34604#34604: *1 upstream server temporarily disabled while connecting to upstream, client: , server: mygreat.server.com, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream: "https://:443/", host: "mygreat.server.com" edit: most of your issues stem from having different paths / container / filter names imho, set it up exactly as I posted as that works to try it out, and then you can start adjusting paths and file locations and container names provided you change them in all relevant places. Google "fail2ban jail nginx" and you should find what you are wanting. We now have to add the filters for the jails that we have created. Check the packet against another chain. Having f2b inside the npm container and pre-configured, similiar to the linuxio container, gives end users without experience in building jails and filters an extra layer of security. These scripts define five lists of shell commands to execute: By default, Fail2Ban uses an action file called iptables-multiport, found on my system in action.d/iptables-multiport.conf. The main one we care about right now is INPUT, which is checked on every packet a host receives. And now, even with a reverse proxy in place, Fail2Ban is still effective. Protecting your web sites and applications with firewall policies and restricting access to certain areas with password authentication is a great starting point to securing your system. Isn't that just directing traffic to the appropriate service, which then handles any authentication and rejection? My email notifications are sending From: root@localhost with name root. I added an access list in NPM that uses the Cloudflare IPs, but when I added this bit from the next little warning: real_ip_header CF-Connecting-IP;, I got 403 on all requests. real_ip_header CF-Connecting-IP; hope this can be useful. The suggestion to use sendername doesnt work anymore, if you use mta = mail, or perhaps it never did. Solution: It's setting custom action to ban and unban and also use Iptables forward from forward to f2b-npm-docker, f2b-emby which is more configuring up docker network, my docker containers are all in forward chain network, you can change FOWARD to DOCKER-USER or INPUT according to your docker-containers network. Forward port: LAN port number of your app/service. Sure, its using SSH keys, but its using the keys of another host, meaning if you compromise root on one system then you get immediate root access over SSH to the other. Or the one guy just randomly DoS'ing your server for the lulz. Once these are set, run the docker compose and check if the container is up and running or not. Well, iptables is a shell command, meaning I need to find some way to send shell commands to a remote system. I then created a separate instance of the f2b container following your instructions, which also seem to work (at least so far). For most people on here that use Cloudflare it's simply a convenience that offers a lot of functionality for free at the cost of them potentially collecting any data that you send through it. Always a personal decision and you can change your opinion any time. LEM current transducer 2.5 V internal reference, Book about a good dark lord, think "not Sauron". HAProxy is performing TLS termination and then communicating with the web server with HTTP. Want to be generous and help support my channel? We are not affiliated with GitHub, Inc. or with any developers who use GitHub for their projects. It works form me. Hi, thank you so much for the great guide! You get paid; we donate to tech nonprofits. Big thing if you implement f2b, make sure it will pay attention to the forwarded-for IP. Graphs are from LibreNMS. Yes! So I added the fallback__.log and the fallback-_.log to my jali.d/npm-docker.local. Anyone who wants f2b can take my docker image and build a new one with f2b installed. When a proxy is internet facing, is the below the correct way to ban? [PARTIALLY SOLVED, YOU REFER TO THE MAPPED FOLDERS] my logs make by npm are all in in a logs folder (no log, logS), and has the following pattern: /logs/proxy-host-*.log and also fallback*.log; [UPDATE, PARTIALLY SOLVED] the regex seems to work, files proxy* contain: Yes this is just relative path of the npm logs you mount read-only into the fail2ban container, you have to adjust accordingly to your path. Ultimately, it is still Cloudflare that does not block everything imo. wessel145 - I have played with the same problem ( docker ip block ) few days :) finally I have working solution; actionstop = -D DOCKER-USER -p -m conntrack --ctorigdstport --ctdir ORIGINAL -j f2b- These filter files will specify the patterns to look for within the Nginx logs. In my opinion, no one can protect against nation state actors or big companies that may allied with those agencies. nginxproxymanager fail2ban for 401. That way you don't end up blocking cloudflare. Right, they do. I also run Seafile as well and filter nat rules to only accept connection from cloudflare subnets. Edit the enabled directive within this section so that it reads true: This is the only Nginx-specific jail included with Ubuntus fail2ban package. @arsaboo I use both ha and nextcloud (and other 13-ish services, including mail server) with n-p-m set up with fail2ban as I outlined above without any issue. EDIT: The issue was I incorrectly mapped my persisted NPM logs. @mastan30 I'm using cloudflare for all my exposed services and block IP in cloudflare using the API. So now there is the final question what wheighs more. I'm very new to fail2ban need advise from y'all. Ive tried to find In NPM Edit Proxy Host added the following for real IP behind Cloudflare in Custom Nginx Configuration: WebFail2ban. The DoS went straight away and my services and router stayed up. In production I need to have security, back ups, and disaster recovery. The sendername directive can be used to modify the Sender field in the notification emails: In fail2ban parlance, an action is the procedure followed when a client fails authentication too many times. The typical Internet bots probing your stuff and a few threat actors that actively search for weak spots. The only workaround I know for nginx to handle this is to work on tcp level. I really had no idea how to build the failregex, please help . In this case, the action is proxy-iptables (which is what I called the file, proxy-iptables.conf), and everything after it in [ ] brackets are the parameters. Set up fail2ban on the host running your nginx proxy manager. Have you correctly bind mounted your logs from NPM into the fail2ban container? Having f2b inside the npm container and pre-configured, similiar to the linuxio container, gives end users without experience in building jails and filters an extra layer of security. Scheme: http or https protocol that you want your app to respond. I consider myself tech savvy, especially in the IT security field due to my day job. Same for me, would be really great if it could added. It took me a while to understand that it was not an ISP outage or server fail. :). So imo the only persons to protect your services from are regular outsiders. This container runs with special permissions NET_ADMIN and NET_RAW and runs in host network mode by default. Might be helpful for some people that want to go the extra mile. Maybe something like creating a shared directory on my proxy, let the webserver log onto that shared directory and then configure fail2ban on my proxy server to read those logs and block ips accordingly? For some reason filter is not picking up failed attempts: Many thanks for this great article! Weve updated the /etc/fail2ban/jail.local file with some additional jail specifications to match and ban a larger range of bad behavior. But how? One of the first items to look at is the list of clients that are not subject to the fail2ban policies. Fail2ban is a daemon to ban hosts that cause multiple authentication errors.. Install/Setup. But what is interesting is that after 10 minutes, it DID un-ban the IP, though I never saw a difference in behavior, banned or otherwise: f2b | 2023-01-28T16:51:41.122149261Z 2023-01-28 11:51:41,121 fail2ban.actions [1]: NOTICE [npm-general-forceful-browsing] Unban 75.225.129.88. In this guide, we will demonstrate how to install fail2ban and configure it to monitor your Nginx logs for intrusion attempts. https://www.fail2ban.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page, and a 2 step verification method Already on GitHub? And those of us with that experience can easily tweak f2b to our liking. Use the "Global API Key" available from https://dash.cloudflare.com/profile/api-tokens. I'm not all that technical so perhaps someone else can confirm whether this actually works for npm. Press J to jump to the feed. I followed the guide that @mastan30 posted and observed a successful ban (though 24 hours after 3 tries is a bit long, so I have to figure out how to un-ban myself). The error displayed in the browser is Proxy: HAProxy 1.6.3 Yep. Your browser does not support the HTML5