This way no innocent lives would be sentenced to death. The 54 ruling held that challenges to a state's method of execution due to claims of excessive pain must demonstrate that alternative methods exist that would cause less pain than the state-determined one. It then discusses the problems that the United States has had in procuring the drugs needed for lethal injectionsthe drugs supplied from Europe have been sold under the condition that they not be used for lethal injection. Are there alternatives to the death penalty that you think would be more appropriate? The shift is more pragmatic than moral, as Americans realize that our. To begin with, the Death Penalty is mainly known as Capital Punishment. Choose articles from reputable sources. Below, our experts have collected some death penalty title ideas and samples for your paper. The United States Constitution expressly contemplates capital crimes, and Congress has authorized the death penalty for serious federal offenses since President George Washington signed the Crimes Act of 1790. It says that capital punishment serves as retribution for victims and their families, as well as a deterrence for other murders. (shelved 29 times as death-penalty) avg rating 4.63 209,774 ratings published 2014. What its about: This article is the first of two parts and uses emotion more than straight facts. And even though large majorities of both groups say there is some risk an innocent person will be put to death, members of the public who favor the death penalty are 24 percentage points more likely to say that there are adequate safeguards to prevent this than Americans who oppose the death penalty. The best way to explore the pros and cons of death penalty laws is to read an argumentative essay on this issue. McCleskey's attorneys argued that his Eighth and Fourteenth Amendment rights were violated because his race made it statistically more likely that he would receive the death penalty. According to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), incarceration rates of racial minorities skyrocketed in the decade following the McCleskey decision. It also gives four reasons as to why the death penalty is becoming less favorable: its not actually proven to deter murders, wrongly convicted people have been executed, it has become more expensive to carry out a death sentence than to impose a life sentence, and the shortage of lethal injection drugs has caused some states to turn to some shadier methods of acquiring drugs. WASHINGTON, D.C. -- Americans who favor the death penalty most often cite "an eye for an eye" as the reason they hold their position, with 35% mentioning it. This month, for the first time in 17 years, the United States resumed carrying out death sentences for federal crimes. Only three people in the United States have been executed by hanging since 1965, and only four people have faced a firing squad since 1960. DC and Puerto Rico Statehood. Since the countries that retain this punishment are home to over 60% of the world's population, an essay on death penalty should outline how national laws treat this topic. Furthermore, a 2009 survey of criminologists revealed that "over 88% believed the death penalty was not a deterrent to murder.". There are wide ideological differences within both parties on this issue. Why its a good source: This article includes strong points to work from and presents everything in a straightforward way. It was delayed when his lawyers obtained six more months of review by unsuccessfully challenging the procedures used to carry out his lethal injection. Mr. How do we continue to track changes in public opinion when theres a shift in survey mode?, Differing views of death penalty by race and ethnicity, education, ideology, Intraparty differences in support for the death penalty, Differences by race and ethnicity, education over whether there are racial disparities in death penalty sentencing, Overwhelming share of death penalty supporters say it is morally justified. You have probably had to write about a fair share of boring essay topics, but this time, youve been dealt a topic that you think is completely played outthe death sentence. Why its a good source: The article uses findings from a variety of sources to support its claim of capital punishment leading to lower homicide rates. The Economist Newspaper Limited, 26 Apr. Justice Breyer added that there was little reason to think that the death penalty deterred crime and that long delays between sentences and executions might themselves violate the Eighth Amendment. For example, the average cost of this case is almost $2.5 million (Goodman). Concepts of retribu-tion, deterrence, and just punishment are discussed in the most . The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories. What its about: Gillespies article takes a very emotional approach, saying that state governments should protect the lives of all citizens, even convicted murderers. In Gallup's most recent poll, 67 percent of Americans favor the death penalty for those convicted of murder, while only 28 percent are opposed. Instead of serving a lifelong custodial sentence, the criminal will wait on 'death row', eventually being executed. (See Death penalty draws more Americans support online than in telephone surveys for more on long-term measures and the challenge of comparing views across different survey modes.). "Capital Punishment." When he signed the bill, Northam referenced the disproportionate use of the death penalty against Black men in the state and the 170 prisoners sentenced to death row who had been exonerated after capital punishment was reinstated in the United States. Contemporary arguments for and against capital punishment fall under three general headings: moral, utilitarian, and practical. As John Duncan was dying of cancer in 2018, he asked family members to promise they would witness the execution on his behalf. (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax Despite this surge in federal executions in 2020, state executions reached their lowest number that year since 1991. The American people have repeatedly ratified that decision, including through the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 signed by President Bill Clinton, the federal execution of Timothy McVeigh under President George W. Bush and the decision by President Barack Obamas Justice Department to seek the death penalty against the Boston Marathon bomber and Dylann Roof. Nearly eight-in-ten (78%) say there is some risk that an innocent person will be put to death, while only 21% think there are adequate safeguards in place to prevent that from happening. In the final minutes before the execution was to occur, Mr. Lees lawyers claimed the execution could not proceed because Mr. Lee still had time to seek further review of an appellate court decision six weeks earlier lifting a prior stay of execution. The article goes on to explain that Justice Stephen G. Breyer issued a dissent on Friday as the Supreme Court cleared the way for the last execution of the Trump era, complaining that it had not sufficiently resolved legal questions that inmates had asked. Supporters of the death penalty believe that those who commit murder, because they have taken the life of another, have forfeited . While 85% of Black adults say Black people are more likely than White people to be sentenced to death for committing similar crimes, a narrower majority of Hispanic adults (61%) and about half of White adults (49%) say the same. States could only acquire the drug by importing it from abroad, sometimes improperly. Web. It includes a few links to studies and organizations that oppose the death penalty. But if the United States is going to allow capital punishment, a white-supremacist triple murderer would seem the textbook example of a justified case. And for more on mode effects and the transition from telephone surveys to online panel surveys, see What our transition to online polling means for decades of phone survey trends and Trends are a cornerstone of public opinion research. They are all pleased with the gift shop, or david small s stitches, or konami s silent hill 2), the thoughts of the most important area of outer space, with an individual s mental perspective on a business trip next week. In addition to state laws, the federal government identifies over forty crimes to which the death penalty could be applied. Since 1976, 1,336 death row inmates have been executed by lethal injection. Aside from my own moral beliefs on the death penalty, it is not fair that . National Journal Group Inc., 06 Sept. 2014. White prisoners accounted for 56%, compared with their 77% share of the adult population. 14 Jan. 2015. The article admits that 100% accuracy in anything is impossible, but it commends Romney for trying. He had set out his arguments in a major dissent in 2015, one that must have been on Justice Scalias mind when he made his comments a few months later. Execution Saves Innocents. Boston Globe. 10-Year Unsolved Crime Leads to Death: Frank Welch Story. Check Out These Example Death Penalty Essays. Caplan-Bricker, Nora. The death penalty provides immeasurable public benefit by discouraging people from committing capital offenses. Web. About eight-in-ten White Republicans favor the death penalty, as do about seven-in-ten Hispanic Republicans (69%). The term death penalty is sometimes used interchangeably with capital . With no legal ability to impose a punishment other than execution, some juries chose to hand down verdicts of not guilty, a trial outcome known as jury nullification. But Democrats are divided over whether the death penalty is morally justified. After America's Most Wanted aired a pro-gram about him, McDuff was arrested in 1992, convicted, and given two death sentences. It uses Gallup poll data to explain national attitudes toward the death penalty and whether the death penalty is carried out justly and with the right frequency. 9 min. Those who favor the death penalty consistently express more favorable attitudes regarding specific aspects of the death penalty than those who oppose it. The consistency of this difference points to substantial mode effects on this question. The death penalty articles Ive listed below focus less about whether the death penalty is right or wrong, and more about the problems with the current system. He responds by saying that capital punishment is not inherently racist and that the people studying deterrence are discouraged and, thus, quiet about their research. This means checking out sources from different states and different sides of the political spectrum. Read more. But the widest partisan divide wider than differences in opinions about the death penalty itself is over whether White people and Black people are equally likely to be sentenced to the death penalty for committing similar crimes. The death penalty remains a controversial political and legal issue in the United States. Black prisoners accounted for 41% of death row inmates, far higher than their 13% share of the nation's adult population that year. Four of the eight inmates were ultimately executed, while four received stays of execution. Amnesty International holds that the death penalty breaches human rights, in particular the right to life and the right to live free from torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The court's rulings also indicated that inconsistent and racially biased death sentences could be prevented by holding two hearings: one to establish guilt and one, if found guilty, to determine sentencing. Over the past two years, the share of Republicans who say they favor the death penalty for persons convicted of murder has decreased slightly by 7 percentage points while the share of Democrats who say this is essentially unchanged (46% today vs. 49% in 2019). But as a legal issue, it is straightforward. After an appellate court rejected their claim as without merit, the Justice Department rescheduled Mr. Lees execution, providing an additional four weeks of notice. Do you think capital punishment should end? The deepest element of the commandment "Thou shalt not kill" is to protect human life, and is the requirement to show reverence and love for every person and the life of every human being.The assault on human life is a consequence of original sin. And while a majority of Hispanic adults without college degrees (58%) say they favor the death penalty, a smaller share (47%) of those with college degrees say this. When the District Court again imposed another last-minute stoppage, granting more time for Mr. Purkeys lawyers to argue (among other things) that he did not understand the reason for his execution, the Justice Department again sought Supreme Court review. However, he backs up his emotional statements with statistics and links to studies that indicate that the death penalty is costly, doesnt necessarily deter murders, and is imposed on people who are innocent of the crimes for which they were convicted. In Support of the Death Penalty An article detailing the argument for the death penalty. Scheidegger is a California lawyer who is a staunch pro-death penalty supporter. On July 16, Wesley Purkey was executed for the 1998 murder of a teenage girl, whom he kidnapped, raped, killed, dismembered and discarded in a septic pond. Other states sought to carry out their scheduled executions using experimental combinations of drugs. By inflicting death on those who deliberately inflict death on others, the death penalty ensures justice for all. The article continues: If Justice Breyer sounded rueful, it was because he had just a few years ago held out hope that the court would reconsider the constitutionality of capital punishment. About four-in-ten (39%) oppose the death penalty, with 15% strongly opposed, according to a new Pew Research Center survey. US Supreme Court Packing. Yet support for the death penalty is strongly associated with a belief that when someone commits murder, the death penalty is morally justified. Justice requires that society impose on criminals losses equal to those they imposed on innocent persons. How do we continue to track changes in public opinion when theres a shift in survey mode?. Robbery Turned Murder: Robert Trease Case . The death penalty is far more expensive than a system in which life imprisonment without parole is the maximum sentence. It will make your arguments and the support for those arguments much stronger. It ignores the fundamental truth of biblical anthropology: the soul that sins must die; sin incurs a debt that must be paid. Yet the death penalty for people convicted of murder continues to draw support from a majority of Americans despite widespread doubts about its administration, fairness and whether it deters serious crimes. Students, read the entire article, then tell us: Do you support the use of capital punishment? Mr. Rosen is the deputy attorney general. This view is particularly widespread among Black adults: 85% of Black adults say Black people are more likely than Whites to receive the death penalty for being convicted of similar crimes (61% of Hispanic adults and 49% of White adults say this). Here are some tips. The court's ruling is believed to have made proving racial discrimination more difficult. "violent crime has declined 11 percent, with murder showing the largest decline at even more than 22 percent. Updated: Jan 20th, 2023. The issue has elicited divisive opinion among the citizens with one faction opposing it while another advocates for it as a deterrent for crime. Among Republicans, a narrow majority of conservative Republicans (56%) say the death penalty does deter serious crimes, while a similar share of moderate and liberal Republicans (57%) say it does not. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. Just over six-in-ten Republicans in this age group (64%) say this, compared with about eight-in-ten Republicans ages 35 and older. "The Death Penalty is Cheaper Than Feeding a Murderer for Life" According to the Death Penalty Information Center, independent studies in several states, including Oklahoma, reveal that capital punishment is actually far more expensive to administer than life imprisonment. 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA Jacoby, Jeff. Giving the death penalty as a punishment simply restores order to society and adequately punishes the criminal for his wrongdoing. The Supreme Court has held the death penalty to be constitutional. States and Death Row. The author ends by calling executions grotesque and, as the title suggests, cruel and unusual, no matter the method. The Court reasoned that the laws resulted in a disproportionate application of the death penalty, specifically discriminating against the poor and minorities. Web. As of January 2021, Black defendants accounted for 34.1 percent of all people executed in the United States since 1976 and over 40 percent of the country's death row population despite making up just over 13 percent of the general US population. Overall this article points out the flaws of the death penalty system in Texas, but does not take a stance against the concept of the death penalty in general. Some states attempted to circumvent regulations, resulting in the federal Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) seizing drug supplies from prisons in Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, South Carolina, and Tennessee. These offenses involve murder, treason, or committing another crime that results in death, such as kidnapping or aircraft piracy. However, the nationwide execution rate began a slow but steady rise. This relationship holds among members of each party. It also goes into some detail about the numbers of death penalty sentences and executions lowering in Texas and California, where historically they have been very high. Or is that still too harsh? As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. The sources are credible, and the article also includes anecdotal support. Even if you have a firm opinion, you need to understand the other arguments out there so you can counter them. Because of this unique argument, this article should not be ignored. It also means using articles from both points of view. The article lists his responses to common arguments from those opposed to the death penalty, such as the racial biases and whether the death penalty actually deters criminals. Or is capital punishment cruel and unusual and therefore prohibited by the Constitution? In Hall v. Florida (2014), the Supreme Court opined that Florida's system of using a defendant's intelligence quotient (IQ) as a strict cutoff in determining the presence or absence of intellectual disability was unconstitutional. During the 1990s, the Supreme Court issued several decisions that upheld the constitutionality of capital punishment and limited defendants' opportunities to have their cases reviewed. Both rights are protected under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the UN in 1948. How concerned should we be about wrongfully convicted people being executed? 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars. It is estimated that up to 4% of the people on death row right now are actually innocent of the crime they were convicted of committing. In Texas, Perfect Storm for Executions. My San Antonio. And if death sentences are going to be imposed, they cannot just be hypothetical; they eventually have to be carried out, or the punishment will lose its deterrent and retributive effects. There are states that have secondary methods of execution such as electrocution, gas chamber, hanging as well as firing squad, however these methods aren't used nearly as often as injection is. (2001) "Capital Punishment," by Ryan Koder. A 58% majority of 50- to 64-year-old Democrats favor the death penalty, compared with 47% of those ages 35 to 49 and about four-in-ten Democrats who are 18 to 34 or 65 and older. Also, check with your teacher to see if you should be using a different type of citation style in your paper (such as APA or Chicago). Eckholm, Erik. Similarly, those who favor the death penalty are more likely to say it deters people from committing serious crimes. About seven-in-ten (69%) of those with college degrees say this, as do about six-in-ten (59%) of those without college degrees. The Innocent Man: Murder and Injustice in a Small Town (Hardcover) by. In the 1980s, the court ruled that the death penalty could not be applied to offenders under the age of sixteen or those deemed mentally incompetent. In the years since the McCleskey ruling, opponents of capital punishment have continued to voice concerns about the role of racial bias in death penalty sentencing. Democrats and Democratic leaners are more divided on this issue: 46% favor the death penalty, while 53% are opposed. SIRS Issues Researcher 83 Capital Punishment Essay Topics & Examples. Moral arguments. It can be used in both pro- and anti-death penalty essays. Nearly seven-in-ten adults (68%) who have not attended college favor the death penalty, as do 63% of those who have some college experience but no degree. Levi Pulkkinen Sept. 30, 2020. As the hours wore on, Justice Department officials asked Ms. Longs father if he would prefer to wait for another day. Anyone can read what you share. In cases handled in states that have abolished capital punishment, the federal judge can designate a death-penalty state to carry out the execution. Recreational Marijuana Legalization. White: 48.6%. 1. In your opinion, should pharmaceutical companies have the right to refuse to sell drugs for executions? However, a worldwide poll conducted in 2006 indicates that 52% of the world's population supports the death penalty. WASHINGTON (AP) Conservative justices holding the Supreme Court's majority seem likely to sink President Joe Biden's plan to wipe away or reduce student loans held by millions of Americans . Michael Smith. ABOLITIONIST ARGUMENTS concerning the death penalty always seem a bit unsatisfying. It can also be used as an important negotiating tool for the police and the justice system, as where the possible sentence is death, the prisoner . Critics accused Arkansas officials of carrying out executions in an "assembly line" fashion, and drug companies also objected to the state's use of a pharmaceutical formulation in lethal injections. A large majority of White adults without college degrees (72%) favor the death penalty, compared with about half (47%) of White adults who have degrees. Virginia became the first state in South to abolish the death penalty, leading some to believe others could follow. Most of the country did not use the death penalty, he said, and the United States was an international outlier in embracing it. In the face of an extraordinary run of federal executions over the past six months, they have been left to wonder whether the court is prepared to play any role in capital cases beyond hastening executions. For this analysis, we surveyed 5,109 U.S. adults from April 5 to 11, 2021. Puzzled, all of his main dormitory. Law School students learn crucial lessons in 'Capital Punishment in America'. Concerns over botched executions using untested lethal injection methods reached the US Supreme Court, which handed down its decision in Bucklew v. Precythe in April 2019. The Supreme Court ruled in Atkins v. Virginia (2002) that executing people with intellectual disabilities violated the Eighth Amendment but left the definition of intellectual disabilities up to individual states. Mr. Lees lawyers seem to endorse a system of endless delays that prevent a death sentence from ever becoming real. The money spent on the death penalty could have been used for more important goals, such as saving the lives of other people and helping homeless and disabled children. Cohen, Andrew. It then covers the popular opinions of death penalty sentences, and goes on to state and give statistics indicating that state executions deter anywhere from 2 to 20 murders within Texas annually. In Death Penaltys Steady Decline, Some Experts See a Societal Shift. The New York Times. The death penalty is helping cut down the population of inmates on death row. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. Introduction Death penalty has been an inalienable part of human society and its legal system for centuries, regarded as a necessary deterrent to dangerous crimes and a way to liberate the community from dangerous criminals. Be aware of biases. Under what conditions, if any, do you think a court should sentence a person to death? There are substantial demographic differences in views of whether death sentencing is applied fairly across racial groups. by. From 2000 to the most recent poll in . In the July Opinion essay The Death Penalty Can Ensure Justice Is Being Done, Jeffrey A. Rosen, then acting deputy attorney general, makes a legal case for capital punishment: The death penalty is a difficult issue for many Americans on moral, religious and policy grounds. The American people can decide for themselves which aspects of that process should be considered shameful.. In 1999 state governments carried out ninety-eight executions, the highest number since the 1976 reinstatement of the death penalty. Legal scholars have expressed concern that such judicial activism undermines the authority of the state legislature, federal courts, and the US Constitution. As a result, survey results from recent online surveys are not directly comparable with past years telephone survey trends. Gibson, Kyle. For decades, the death penalty has been decreasing around the world, but it hasn't disappeared yet. Since 1978, California has spent more than $4 billion administering the death penalty, or more than $308 million per person for each of the 13 people who have been executed since the death penalty was reinstated. Theyll look over it and give you suggestions to make it the best it can be. What its about: Jacobys article tells of then-governor of Massachusetts Mitt Romneys plan to create a fool-proof, error-free death penalty. Warren McCleskey, a Black resident of Georgia, had been convicted of killing a white police officer during an armed robbery in 1978 and sentenced to death. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. Arguments on both sides of the capital punishment debate draw support from the US Constitution. It gives a link to a document from the US Department of Justice and provides numbers on the amount of violence that occurs at the hands of prison gangs. Pros and Cons of Abolishing the Death Penalty, The death penalty should be abolished because it violates the Eighth Amendment's protection against ". Most people who write about the death penalty have an opinion one way or the other about it. Why its a good source: This article takes a different approach than most other pro-death sentence articles. John Duncan the father of the victim Lori Duncan and grandfather of her slain daughters, Kandace (age 10) and Amber (age 6) had urged Mr. Honkens execution for years. A grand jury determined in 2016 that state officials had committed a long list of oversights and avoidable mistakes in carrying out executions. If you're writing a paper about the death penalty, you can start with this list of sources, which provide arguments for all sides of the topic. An additional four federal prisoners were executed in January 2021, during the last weeks of Trump's presidency. As you can tell, there are a lot of different types of sources out theresome are emotional, some are dry and factual. In his final statement, Mr. Purkey apologized to Jennifers family for the pain he had caused, contradicting the claim of his lawyers that he did not understand the reason for his execution. Courts handed down death sentences fairly frequently until the 1960s when the practice began to face growing moral, legal, and political opposition. A post accompanying this report provides further detail and analysis of the mode differences seen on this question. Both rights are protected under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the UN in 1948. (+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries. Since our nation's founding, the government -- colonial, federal, and state -- has punished a varying percentage of arbitrarily-selected murders with the ultimate sanction: death. Do you have worries about the fair application of the death penalty, or about the possibility of the criminal justice system executing an innocent person? Although the death penalty is already effective at deterring possible criminals, it would be even more effective if the legal process were carried out more quickly instead of having inmates on death row for years.The death penalty also carries out retribution justly. Among Republicans who oppose the death penalty, about half (53%) say this. Arizona 209 . Supporters of capital punishment argue that it deters crime and provides ultimate justice for crime victims, particularly murder victims. Why its a good source: This source gives a lot of specific information about what one state is doing wrong, complete with anecdotes and numbers. Capital Punishment Essay Writing Tips. Capital punishment has long engendered considerable debate about both its morality and its effect on criminal behaviour. 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