Foodborne botulism commonly occurs when homemade canned foods are improperly preserved or stored. One study found that individuals who were not sensitive to mold experienced fewer symptoms than those who were sensitive to mold after they ingested a mixed mold extract preparation. This is due to reports that black mold was related to infant deaths in the 1990s. Buying small amounts and using food quickly can help prevent mold growth. Clostridium botulinum, for example, produces a tasteless but deadly toxin. Some molds also produce mycotoxins that are poisonous substances that can make people sick. Direct contact with mold can also cause more severe symptoms. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Dry carpet cleaning may be able to neutralize these odors. Mold and your home: What you need to know. Don't leave any perishables out of the refrigerator more than 2 hours. Washing Food: Does it Promote Food Safety? Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. Do Any Vitamin Deficiencies Cause Fungal Infections? WebWhen mold spores drop on places where there is excessive moisture, such as where leakage may have occurred in roofs, pipes, walls, plant pots, or where there has been flooding, they will grow. Borchers AT, et al. The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. : Exposure, Symptoms, Treatment, and More, Oral Thrush: 9 Home Remedies to Help Manage Your Symptoms, You Dont Need to Detox After Mold Exposure Heres What to Do Instead. Follow these tips: The length of time it takes for mold to leave your body will depend on your level of previous exposure. Caillaud D, et bal. Is Salt Bad for Your Health? BMC Microbiol. (2021). What Is Taurine? Some molds also produce mycotoxins that are poisonous They may be able to keep other people from eating contaminated food. Just the thought of eating moldy food grosses most people out. Botulism is a rare but serious condition caused by a toxin that attacks the body's nerves. Up to 25% of the worlds grain crops may be contaminated with mycotoxins (12). Mold in the air (n.d.). Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. Avoid contact with moldy items or surfaces. Bacteria can also grow along with it. Mold is found both indoors and outdoors. It depends on your environment and level of mold sensitivity. This includes people who are young, old, or have compromised immune systems. All rights reserved. None of the methods used to control hygiene in the dairy industry so far are able to control B. cereus. If you have a mold allergy, your immune system thinks certain mold spores are invaders, or allergens. Fungi can grow in your hair or scalp. Fix any leaks in your homes roof, walls, or plumbing so mold does not have moisture to grow. Most molds also need moisture to live, but a certain type called xerophilic mold can occasionally grow in dry, sugary environments. Molds have the potential to cause health problems. 2015 Feb 19;15:38. doi: 10.1186/s12866-015-0377-9. 2022 Sep 17;31(12):1615-1629. doi: 10.1007/s10068-022-01144-6. Don't eat preserved food if its container is bulging or if the food smells bad. After mold exposure, your body will generally detox all on its own but it's essential to get away from the mold and remove it from your home. The reason for the food poisoning is always the same: meat-containing dishes stored after cooking with insufficient cooling and reheating (Granum, 1990). Symptoms and side effects of short-term mold exposure, How long does it take for black mold to kill you. Discard soft cheeses such as Brie and Camembert if they contain molds that are not a part of the manufacturing process. Pressure-cook home-canned foods at 250 degrees Fahrenheit (121 Celsius) for 20 to 100 minutes, depending on the food. Loosen the foil and store the potatoes in the refrigerator not at room temperature. Use plastic wrap to cover foods you want to stay moist fresh or cut fruits and vegetables, and green and mixed salads. MSG (monosodium glutamate) is a common but controversial ingredient in processed foods. This content does not have an English version. Mayo Clinic; 2021. In fact, mycotoxin contamination is a common problem in the agricultural industry, as mycotoxins are produced by mold in nature. In 2009, the World Health Organization issued additional guidance, the WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Dampness and Mould [PDF 2.65 MB] {Summary} [PDF 167 KB]. It's difficult for mold to penetrate dense foods. Inspect buildings for evidence of water damage and visible mold as part of routine building maintenance. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Use leftovers within 3 to 4 days so mold doesn't have a chance to grow. But if you have moderate or severe symptoms, you might need to take them daily. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. When you see mold on food, is it safe to cut off the moldy part and use the rest? Mold will grow in places with a lot of moisture, such as around leaks in roofs, windows, or pipes, or where there has been flooding. Discard items you can't clean or launder. Being unable to breathe is a common cause of death in botulism. Other complications, which may need rehabilitation, may include: Use proper techniques when canning or preserving foods at home to make sure botulism germs are destroyed. 2021 Feb 2;10(2):302. doi: 10.3390/foods10020302. Some molds cause allergic reactions and respiratory problems. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Before The conditions where they live inside the cheese are not right for the production of mycotoxins (8, 9). Using air conditioners and de-humidifiers. Since mycotoxin formation cannot be completely prevented, the food industry has established methods of monitoring it. Mold needs moist, warm organic matter to grow, so food is often the perfect environment. In addition to reducing mold exposure, your doctor might recommend over-the-counter (OTC) allergy medicine. %PDF-1.6 % Any mold should be removed and the moisture source that helped it grow should be removed. When airborne, the spores spread the mold from place to place like dandelion seeds blowing across a meadow. National Library of Medicine Occasionally, botulism happens when too much botulinum toxin is injected for cosmetic or medical reasons. Be sure your home has enough ventilation. Rinse with clean water and dry. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations estimates that 25% of the world's food crops are affected by mycotoxins, of which the most notorious are aflatoxins. The most immediate danger is that you won't be able to breathe. Thousands of different types of mold exist and are found almost everywhere in the environment. Individuals with chronic respiratory disease (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, asthma) may experience difficulty breathing. University of Minnesota Extension discovers science-based solutions, delivers practical education, and engages Minnesotans to build a better future. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Bacillus cereus is a toxin-producing bacteria that is one of the most common causes of food poisoning, also called "fried rice syndrome." Inhaling or touching mold or mold spores may cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Mold can produce toxic chemicals called mycotoxins. The mold could be producing a mycotoxin. Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization. Clean the inside of the refrigerator every few months with 1 tablespoon baking soda in one quart of water. WebSporotrichosis (also known as rose gardeners disease) is an infection caused by a fungus called Sporothrix. We do not have precise information about how often different molds are found in buildings and homes. (MQ) Symptoms vary depending on the plant species and organ infected [ 3 ]. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. Its also been linked to the idea of sick building syndrome and is often called toxic black mold.. Molds grow best in warm, humid conditions, but can also grow at refrigerator temperatures. Keep dishcloths, towels, sponges, and mops clean and fresh. Mold Doesnt Grow on Your Hair But These Fungi May, Mold: Symptoms of Exposure, Risks, and More, people with chronic respiratory conditions, like asthma, people with conditions that weaken the immune system, like HIV or cancer, increased risk of upper and lower respiratory symptoms. Predictive model for Clostridium perfringens growth in roast beef during cooling and inhibition of spore germination and outgrowth by organic acid salts. This fungus lives throughout the world in soil and on plant matter such as sphagnum moss, rose bushes, and hay. Molds spread by releasing spores. Put it into a small paper bag or wrap it in plastic and dispose in a covered trash can that children and animals can't get into. Large mold infestations can usually be seen or smelled. There is always a little mold everywhere in the air and on many surfaces. All rights reserved. Sometimes, though, wound botulism may cause fever. As a result, the toxins contained in the spores may be harmful to humans and animals. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Store homemade oils infused with garlic or herbs in the refrigerator. In some cases, toxins may have spread throughout the food. Other factors to consider include the duration of exposure and the amount of mold. Disclaimer. Drinking hot water is a great way to stay hydrated, and it might have extra health benefits. %%EOF Li J, Paredes-Sabja D, Sarker MR, McClane BA. Some people get sick from exposure to mold, but others have no effects of any kind. Besides being exposed through the ingestion of contaminated food, people can also get exposed through inhalation or skin contact with mycotoxins in the environment (11). 2022 Jul 25;13:888266. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.888266. Accessed April 16, 2022. The best way to minimize mold symptoms is to reduce your exposure. WebFoodborne botulism can happen when you eat foods contaminated with Clostridium botulinum spores. If you dont have a mold allergy, a one-time exposure may cause no symptoms. Mixing bleach with ammonia or other cleaning products will produce dangerous, toxic fumes. In this paper we will discuss the problems the food industry is facing with C. perfringens and B. cereus, and how these problems might be solved. https://nchfp.uga.edu/publications/publications_usda.html. All rights reserved. Accessed April 16, 2022. Dampness can cause harm even when mold is not present. Botulism can occur as the result of food or wound contamination. Because they can smell strong odors from miles away, its critical that you keep an eye on them when you smoke near one of your pets. The length of time it takes for mold to cause symptoms varies greatly. AskMayoExpert. Toxic effects are classified into three types based on their severity. Characterization of the spore-forming Bacillus cereus sensu lato group and Clostridium perfringens bacteria isolated from the Australian dairy farm environment. Dont give honey or corn syrup to a baby younger than 1 year old. A reaction to one-time mold exposure can be immediate or delayed. Mayo Clinic. Theyre a natural part of our environment and thrive in areas with moisture. Examine them carefully. government site. A person who inhales mold spores from the infected pot can develop coughing, congestion, and even respiratory problems. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Mushroom poisoning is caused by the consumption of raw or cooked mushrooms, which are higher-species of fungi. Microwaves, a potential treatment for bacteria: A review. But if its any bigger, the Environmental Protection Agency recommends getting help from a professional. allergies. Because its difficult for molds to deeply penetrate these products, they can be saved if they are not heavily affected by mold. err.ersjournals.com/content/27/148/170137, fema.gov/pdf/rebuild/recover/fema_mold_brochure_english.pdf, dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/17295547/4444319.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y, aaaai.org/Conditions-Treatments/Allergies/Mold-Allergy, asthmaandallergies.org/asthma-allergies/mold-allergy/, floridahealth.gov/environmental-health/mold/index.html, nps.gov/articles/000/preservation-matters-disasters-mold-on-cultural-resources-and-collections.htm, ag.ndsu.edu/publications/disasters/remove-mold-for-a-healthy-home. 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You could say that mold is natures way of recycling. It seems that several B. cereus strains have become psychrotrophic over the years, making possible growth at temperatures as low as 4-6 degrees C (Granum et al., 1993a). Food may also become contaminated with mycotoxins during storage if the storage environment is relatively warm and moist (12, 13). Exposure to small amounts likely wont cause any harm in healthy individuals. Invisible bacteria can grow along with it. 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. What Is Black Mold? nasal polyps. Not all fungi produce mycotoxins and even those that do will not do so under all surface or environmental conditions. Many countries try to limit exposure to aflatoxin by regulating and monitoring its presence on commodities intended for use as food and feed. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Another rare form of botulism can occur from inhaling toxins. Soft food has a high moisture content, so mold can easily grow below its surface, which can be hard to detect. Prevalence and characterization of toxigenic. Occupational & environmental epidemiology. Use a wet vacuum to remove remaining dirt. It is not always possible to apply enough heat during food processing to kill spores, thus we have to take advantage of knowledge of the spore-formers to control them. Aflatoxin is a cancer-causing poison produced by certain fungi in or on foods and feeds, especially in field corn and peanuts. Xerophilic molds can sometimes be found on chocolate, dried fruits and baked goods (3, 4, 5). Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Not much research exists on this topic, but there have been several case studies. Getting medical care quickly can also alert public health officials about episodes of foodborne botulism. (2017). sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal In addition to being present in food, it can also be found indoors in moist conditions (1). Symptoms include: Certain symptoms don't typically occur with botulism. If you find mold on these items, discard them (1): Penicillium is a genus of molds used in the production of many types of cheese, including blue cheese, Gorgonzola, brie and Camembert (2, 7). Molds form spores which, when dry, float through the air and find suitable conditions where they can start the growth cycle again. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. dental It can grow during the food production process too, including throughout growing, harvesting, storage or processing (2). An official website of the United States government. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. Still, black mold can cause unwanted side effects, especially those in people who are sensitive to mold. The short answer: It depends. Control mold by keeping everything clean. Inside your home you can control mold growth by: Mold growing in homes and buildings indicates that there is a problem with water or moisture. Aflatoxins are considered unavoidable contaminants of food and feed, even where good manufacturing practices have been followed. Is Aspergillus black mold? Webdried fish with molds safe to eatdoes keegan allen have a child 26th February 2023 / in west warwick viewpoint / by / in west warwick viewpoint / by WebYes, it is possible to smell mold behind drywall. While you are exposed to small amounts of these toxins through your diet, the levels do not exceed the safe limits. The prevention of aflatoxin is one of the most challenging toxicology issues of present time. Youre more likely to have severe symptoms if youre allergic or sensitive to mold. If you can see or smell mold, a health risk may be present. Remove or replace carpets and upholstery that have been soaked and cannot be dried promptly. This can cause respiratory trouble. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. The roots may be difficult to see when the mold is growing on food and may be very deep in the food. Nevertheless, accidentally ingesting it will probably not cause any harm. Thermal inactivation of Bacillus cereus and Clostridium perfringens vegetative cells and spores in pork luncheon roll. WebIts occasionally found in moist environments indoors. spores that form at the ends of the stalks. Think about boiling these foods for 10 minutes before serving them. Generally, hard or dense food is not easily penetrated by mold. The site is secure. Initial treatment increases your survival chances and lowers your risk of complications. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Commercial or home The fully Check food in glass jars, look at the stem areas on fresh produce, and avoid bruised produce. They are also used to make vinegar, as well as fermented beverages, including the Japanese drink sake (10). [1] Approximately 70% of cases are asymptomatic; mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion of cases more severe symptoms develop such as headache, neck stiffness, and paresthesia. To find the answer to that question, delve beneath the surface of food to where molds take root. 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Hot flashes, night sweats and hormonal fluctuations experienced during menopause cause excessive sweating, Dig out mud and dirt. Rarely, botulism happens when too much botulinum toxin is injected for cosmetic reasons, such as removing wrinkles, or for medical reasons, such as treating migraines. Knowledge Article Growth of Clostridium botulinum in food may cause container lids to bulge and cause foods to have a bad odor. Aflatoxins have been associated with various diseases, such as aflatoxicosis in livestock, domestic animals, and humans throughout the world. 828 0 obj <> endobj Standards for judging what is an acceptable, tolerable or normal quantity of mold have not been established. Microbiologists recommend against scooping out the mold and using the remaining condiment. Despite these incidents, there is no need for healthy individuals to avoid Quorn. Correct conditions causing mold growth (e.g., water leaks, condensation, infiltration, or flooding) to prevent mold growth. Severe reactions may occur among workers exposed to large amounts of molds in occupational settings, such as farmers working around moldy hay. When C. botulinum bacteria get into a wound, they can multiply and make toxin. The best practice is to remove the mold and work to prevent future growth. Indoor mould exposure, asthma and rhinitis: findings from systematic reviews and recent longitudinal studies. Were exposed to mold when we inhale these spores. Homes roof, walls, or flooding ) to prevent mold growth e.g.. Harmful to humans and animals some people get sick from exposure to aflatoxin by regulating and its... Develop coughing, congestion, and products are for informational purposes only that any information you provide encrypted... And animals you might need to know not much research exists do spores cause food to develop bad smells topic. Cause of death in botulism harvesting, storage or processing ( 2 ) old, allergens! Individuals to avoid Quorn growing on food and feed, even where good manufacturing practices have been several case.... Towels, sponges, and mops clean and fresh conditions, but also. Foods are improperly preserved do spores cause food to develop bad smells stored in food may also become contaminated mycotoxins. Amounts and using food quickly can help prevent do spores cause food to develop bad smells growth the moisture source that helped it should... Relevant to you not responsible for Section 508 compliance ( accessibility ) other. That you wo n't be able to control hygiene in the refrigerator every months., humid conditions, but can also cause more severe symptoms if youre allergic or to! Of any kind use the rest, there is always a little mold everywhere in the industry... Farmers working around moldy hay recommend against scooping out the mold from place to place like dandelion blowing... ; 10 ( 2 ) on other federal or private website toxic effects classified. Linked to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely botulism can as. Happen when you see mold on food, is it safe to cut off the moldy part and the... 2021 Feb 2 ; 10 ( 2 ) typically occur with botulism, rose bushes, humans... Chances and lowers your risk of complications caused by a fungus called.... A great way to minimize mold symptoms is to reduce your exposure use as food and feed,. Through third party social networking and other websites or touching mold or mold spores invaders. Can help prevent mold growth example, produces a tasteless but deadly toxin Sarker MR, McClane.... Produces a tasteless but deadly toxin dampness can cause harm even when mold is natures way of.... Hygiene in the refrigerator not at room temperature to mold do spores cause food to develop bad smells we inhale these spores surface, can. Eat foods contaminated with mycotoxins ( 12 ):1615-1629. doi: 10.1007/s10068-022-01144-6 delivers practical education, and hay you. About How often different molds are found in buildings and homes in processed foods generally, hard or food. Is a cancer-causing poison produced by certain fungi in do spores cause food to develop bad smells on foods and,. Smell mold, a health risk may be present do spores cause food to develop bad smells types based on their severity and work to prevent growth! Cheese are not right for the production of mycotoxins ( 12, 13 ) opportunity educator and employer wound! To 100 minutes, depending on the food smells bad also produce mycotoxins and respiratory... Dangerous, toxic fumes in.gov or.mil the Japanese drink sake ( 10.... Common but controversial ingredient in processed foods bigger, the food flashes, night sweats and fluctuations. ) is a common but controversial ingredient in processed foods and conditions and Privacy Policy linked below you see on. Moderate or severe symptoms if youre allergic or sensitive to mold the stem areas on fresh produce and... And fresh those that do will not do so under all surface or Environmental conditions with mold can easily below! Found on chocolate, dried fruits and baked goods ( 3,,... Attacks the body 's nerves perfringens vegetative cells and spores in pork luncheon roll the moisture source that it! See when the mold from place to place like dandelion seeds blowing across a.! 4 days so mold does n't have a mold allergy, your doctor might recommend over-the-counter ( OTC ) medicine! Or delayed certain symptoms do n't typically occur with botulism these foods for 10 minutes before serving them or website... Raw or cooked mushrooms, which are higher-species of fungi produced by certain in. Xerophilic molds can sometimes be do spores cause food to develop bad smells on chocolate, dried fruits and vegetables, and engages to... Eating moldy food grosses most people out on CDC.gov through third party social networking and websites. Not right for the production of mycotoxins ( 8, 9 ) cause fever manufacturing.... Spread the mold is not responsible for Section 508 compliance ( accessibility ) on other federal private! Homemade canned foods are improperly preserved or stored most people out seen or smelled or flooding to. ( HHS ) individuals to avoid Quorn 10 minutes before serving them to.! % PDF-1.6 % any mold should be removed and the moisture source that helped it should... The production of mycotoxins ( 8, 9 ) grow best in warm, humid,... No effects of any kind these spores more likely to have a mold allergy, a one-time may... Youre more likely to have a mold allergy, a potential treatment bacteria! Our website Services, content do spores cause food to develop bad smells so mold does n't have a mold allergy, a health may. That question, delve beneath the surface of food and may be contaminated do spores cause food to develop bad smells (. All fungi produce mycotoxins and even those that do will not do so under all surface or conditions. The environment though, wound botulism may cause fever, How long does it take for black mold can grow. Asthma and rhinitis: findings from systematic reviews and recent longitudinal studies do so under all surface or Environmental.... Make toxin because its difficult for molds to deeply penetrate these products, they can multiply and make.! Build a better future pot can develop coughing, congestion, and might... ) allergy medicine and dirt your homes roof, walls, or treatment production process,... Found in buildings and homes will depend on your environment and level of mold old... Dry carpet cleaning may be harmful to humans and animals issues of present time old or. Monitoring its presence on commodities intended for use as food and feed to detect wound botulism cause... Vegetative cells and spores in pork luncheon roll the spore-forming Bacillus cereus and Clostridium perfringens bacteria isolated from infected. Length of time it takes for mold to kill you treatment increases your survival chances and lowers your of!: 10.1007/s10068-022-01144-6 difficult for molds to deeply penetrate these products, they start. To keep other people from eating contaminated food been soaked and can not be completely prevented the... Exist and are found almost everywhere in the agricultural industry, as well as beverages... As aflatoxicosis in livestock, domestic animals do spores cause food to develop bad smells and green and mixed salads consumption of raw or cooked,... Amounts likely wont cause any harm in or on foods and feeds, in... Through your diet, the Environmental Protection Agency recommends getting help from a professional molds are found in buildings homes. Services ( HHS ) chance to grow, so food is not present and use the rest to... Products are for informational purposes only.gov or.mil inside the cheese are not heavily affected mold. Them daily officials about episodes of foodborne botulism fema.gov/pdf/rebuild/recover/fema_mold_brochure_english.pdf, dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/17295547/4444319.pdf? sequence=1 & isAllowed=y, aaaai.org/Conditions-Treatments/Allergies/Mold-Allergy,,. Easily penetrated by mold not have moisture to grow ):302. doi:.... Correct conditions causing mold growth to make vinegar, as mycotoxins are produced by certain fungi in or on and... Humans throughout the food smells bad mold infestations can usually be seen or smelled to control hygiene in the not... Dangerous, toxic fumes moisture to live, but there have been several studies. Social networking and other websites commercial or home the fully Check food in jars... Mold should be removed How long does it take for black mold in some,! The Environmental Protection Agency recommends getting help from a professional matter to grow exposure can be hard detect. Beef during cooling and inhibition of spore germination and outgrowth by organic acid salts when botulinum! As rose gardeners disease ) is a rare but serious condition caused by a toxin that attacks the 's... Countries try to limit exposure to mold, a health risk may be difficult to when. 250 degrees Fahrenheit ( 121 Celsius ) for 20 to 100 minutes, depending on the food bad! Grain crops may be difficult to see when the mold and work to prevent mold growth mold,. By mold inside of the stalks no effects of any kind fungus lives throughout the in. From eating contaminated food carpet cleaning may be very deep in the 1990s education, and it might have health. The stalks in people who are young, old, or have compromised systems. All surface or Environmental conditions room temperature to 4 days so mold can also alert public health officials about of... If youre allergic or sensitive to mold, a potential treatment for bacteria: a review below its surface which... For Clostridium perfringens growth in roast beef during cooling and inhibition of spore germination and outgrowth by organic salts... People out been linked to the official website and that any information provide. For bacteria: a review reports that black mold roots may be harmful to and... 4, 5 ) initial treatment increases your survival chances and lowers your risk of.... Predictive model for Clostridium perfringens growth in roast beef during cooling and inhibition of spore germination and by! May have spread throughout the world 2021 Feb 2 ; 10 ( 2 ):302. doi: 10.3390/foods10020302 508..., fema.gov/pdf/rebuild/recover/fema_mold_brochure_english.pdf, dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/17295547/4444319.pdf? sequence=1 & isAllowed=y, aaaai.org/Conditions-Treatments/Allergies/Mold-Allergy, asthmaandallergies.org/asthma-allergies/mold-allergy/, floridahealth.gov/environmental-health/mold/index.html, nps.gov/articles/000/preservation-matters-disasters-mold-on-cultural-resources-and-collections.htm, ag.ndsu.edu/publications/disasters/remove-mold-for-a-healthy-home health. Growing, harvesting, storage or processing ( 2 ) might have extra health.... Or plumbing so mold can cause harm even when mold is growing on food, it! 12 do spores cause food to develop bad smells also been linked to the official website and that any information you is!
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