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Gov. At 16, he left home and drifted through the states of the American West, working successively in a vineyard, a mine, a barbed wire factory, and at a grain ranch. 100% remote. Kay Reed Arnold then follows the Ferguson story into the halls of academia at the University of Texaswhich Ferguson threatened to closesparking a fierce response by faculty, alumni, students, and, especially, the Womens Committee for Good Government. The actual trial on those charges, and subsequent removal of an official on conviction on those charges, is separate from the act of impeachment itself. He maintained his. James Edward Ferguson: James E. Ferguson Born Bell County, Texas August 31, 1871 Died Austin, Texas September 21, 1944 Governor of the State of Texas . Three new normal schools were authorized. As a result of his actions, in 1917, Ferguson became the only Texas governor impeached and removed from office. At age 12 he entered Salado College (a preparatory school) but was eventually expelled for disobedience. KVUE is looking back at the history of some past Texas governors. Hearing the gasps in the chamber, Ferguson immediately asked to strike the comment. Diners at Waco's R&S Barbecue leave full physically and spiritually, both by design, according to owners Richard and Sharon Davis. In 1916 Ferguson's reelection seemed certain. You have permission to edit this article. The legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, an attempt Ferguson immediately condemned. He is the author, coauthor, or editor of more than two dozen books, most recently Anti-Black Violence in Twentieth-Century Texas. He left home at 16, traveling and taking odd jobs until he returned to farm in Bell County. The framers considered impeachment an important check on the power of the presidency and against corruption. 1917: James 'Pa' Ferguson Jr., Texas. You are currently viewing a legacy feature of the Texas Politics Project website. The Arizona House and Senate impeached Mecham, a Republican, in 1988 after a state grand jury convicted him on six felony charges of fraud, perjury and filing false documents. W. V. Howerton, ed., Facts on Ferguson: A Review of the Impeachment and a Reply to Charges Made by Ex-Governor Ferguson (Austin, 1918). An argument over spending tax dollars, an attempt to silence political opponents, and charges of a kangaroo court. This is not a current story but a faint echo of a notorious event in Texas History, the impeachment of Gov. There are 31 members of the Texas State Senate. Elected in 1914 and re-elected in 1916, he faced 21 articles of impeachment and resigned during the trial in the Senate on September 24, 1917, one day before the Senate voted to remove him from office and disqualify him from holding office again. | In 1930 he conducted the unsuccessful campaign of his wife for the governorship, and in 1932 he conducted her successful campaign for the same office. Almost a century later, the Ferguson impeachment presents both striking similarities and key differences to the ongoing saga involving University of Texas System Regent Wallace Hall. Ferguson convinced his wife to run one more time in 1940. The House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate for trial. Scandals of all sorts, from the brazen to the bizarre, have occurred for decades at all levels. Sign up for our newsletter to keep reading. [5], In 2013, the Texas State Legislature began an impeachment trial for Regent Wallace Hall. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and . James E. Ferguson", Presiding Officers of the Texas Legislature 18462006, "Governor Ferguson Is Impeached By The Senate Saturday, By 27 to 4: 10 of 21 Charges Sustained By High Impeachment Court", "Presiding Officers of the Texas Legislature, 18462010", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_E._Ferguson&oldid=1136223529, Candidates in the 1920 United States presidential election, Impeached state and territorial governors of the United States removed from office, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from March 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 29 January 2023, at 09:22. Ferguson cleverly resigned, claiming then that the Senate couldnt uphold an impeachment for someone who wasnt actually in office. Even his former political allies couldn't find him innocent in the face of such damning evidence - and his own indefensible behavior. After he returned to Texas, he studied law in Bell County and was admitted to the bar. Hall investigated the university's forgivable-loans program and admissions policies and preferential treatment to politically-connected individuals. [5], He also became active in the Democratic Party and managed several local political campaigns. The vote was 25-3. "Ma" Ferguson became the second female governor in the United States, with Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming being the first. With charges growing against Ferguson, the House of Representatives drew up 21 charges against him and voted to impeach. Encyclopedia.com. After an unsuccessful campaign for president in 1920, Ferguson ran the gubernatorial campaign of his wife, Miriam Ma Ferguson, in 1924. As Hamilton wrote in the Federalist Papers, a core source of original meaning, the framers "borrowed" the model from the English.And, as Raskin pointed . The most that the select committee can do would be to recommend to the full state house that articles of impeachment be drafted. The convention did not endorse Ferguson, but the other anti-prohibition candidates withdrew from the race. He was indicted and impeached during his second term, but according to Ferguson technically impeached, after he resigned office. Copyright 2022 Coordinating Council for Women in History. Dr. Ken Bridges is a writer, historian and native Texan who enjoys sharing these stories about people from the Lone Star state. The fact is that he had parked state funds in his bank for personal gain and he had run his bank as a one-man Ponzi scheme. Though as of this writing, three presidents have been impeached, none have ever been removed from office. youngest governor in Texas history. She won that and the general election,[2] saying that she intended to rely on her husband for advice. He became a lawyer in 1897, married Miriam A. Wallace in 1899, and expanded into real estate, insurance, and banking. Five of the articles sustained by the Senate charged Ferguson with the misapplication of public funds, three related to his quarrel with the University, one declared that he had failed properly to respect and enforce the banking laws of the state, and one charged that he had received $156,500 in currency from a source that he refused to reveal. He left home at sixteen and wandered for two years through the states of the Far West, where he lived by accepting any employment offered. In 1922 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate. Though no Texas official has been impeached and removed from office at the state level since Ferguson, Texas politics has hardly been scandal-free. His wife was defeated for re-election in 1926, following questions of improper use of her pardoning power. In 1913, William Sulzer was impeached and removed from office as governor of New York. James Edward Ferguson Collection, Barker Texas History Center, University of Texas at Austin. On December 31, 1899, he married Miriam A. Wallace; they had two children. Governor have not acted, then by proclamation of the President Pro Tempore of the State Senate. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Proclamation of the speaker following the submission of a written petition signed by at least 50 members of the House. The landholdings of the prison system were greatly increased, and because of the rising price of farm commodities, the system became self-sustaining; during the years of war prosperity, it showed a profit. The chairman of the investigating committee, William H. Bledsoe of Lubbock, called for impeachment. The accusations against Mayes were that he used his ownership of newspapers, including the Brownwood Bulletin, to spread negative information about Ferguson. In 1924, his wife, Miriam Ma Ferguson won election as governor as a stand-in candidate in a tightly-contested race. He was a popular figure, singing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one politician. [1] Impeachments in Texas begin in the Texas House of Representatives which must cast a majority vote in favor of impeachment. Similarly, the Texas constitution gives the lower house of the legislature power to impeach judges, the governor, and statewide elected officials. In 1917, James Ferguson was impeached and removed from office as governor of Texas while under indictment. Your donation keeps our trusted reporting free and accessible for all Texans and during a legislative session when lawmakers are set to tackle issues from school choice for K-12 students to school safety improvements to changes in property taxes, its critical that Texans know what lawmakers decisions mean for their futures. He became a lawyer in 1897, married Miriam A. Wallace in 1899, and expanded into real estate, insurance and banking. Some legislators justified the impeachment on the grounds that Hall did not disclose several lawsuits that he was involved in when he originally completed his Regent background check. Lewis L. Gould, Progressives and Prohibitionists: Texas Democrats in the Wilson Era (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1973; rpt., Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 1992). He later ran anyway, claiming that he had resigned before he was convicted. Dictionaries thesauruses pictures and press releases. To be the Democratic nominee for governor was the same as being elected governor. The regents refused. This led to a special session being called by the Legislature, to press for Fergusons impeachment. He was a popular figure, singing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. "[14], An effort was begun in June 2013 to try and impeach Hall from his position as regent. The prohibitionists held an elimination convention and pledged their support to Thomas H. Ball of Houston. The tenant law was passed but remained on the statute books only a short time before being declared unconstitutional. Donations by CCWH members and other patrons support CCWH awards and initiatives. Reprinted with permission from the Handbook of Texas Online, a joint project of the Texas State Historical Association and the General Libraries at the University of Texas at Austin. As historian Cortez Ewing pointed out, Ferguson was the voice of the people, and with his sixth-grade education, he promoted the idea that he had not suffered the damages of higher degrees. Even during the workday Christina De La Cruzs family is rarely far away. When his reasoning was questioned, he would respond, I am governor of Texas. Cities | If Hall is impeached, he would bethe third person in Texas history to be in that situation. he was accused of misuse of public funds following his call for a special legislative session When a governor is removed from office, resigns, or dies or becomes incapacitated while in office, who becomes governor? At the same time, officials had begun looking into Fergusons finances. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. General Libraries at the University of Texas at Austin, Liberal Arts Instructional Technology Services. Dictionary of American History. He was elected governor in 1914, his first election. His wife was defeated for re-election in 1926, following questions of improper use of her pardoning power. resigning his office and being barred by the legislature to ever serve a state office again. James Ferguson was brought down by his lunch.Full story: https://www.kvue.com/article/news/. Basically, he wanted five professors fired, for the unstated reason that they had spoken out publicly against his candidacy for governor. He claimed to be a successful businessman; he was not. . 9, 1916) Gen. John J. Pershing led US forces in a hunt for Villa from March 14, 1916 to Feb. 7, 1917 With charges growing against Ferguson, the House of Representatives drew up 21 charges against him and voted to impeach. In 1928, for the first time since 1914, Ferguson was not an active participant in a political campaign, but even then he took some interest in the race for the governorship and gave his support to Louis J. Wardlaw. Ferguson then went on a tour of Texas, voicing his disdain for the university and what he called the university crowd in public speeches. He was a popular figure, signing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. He was kicked out of a local prep school, Salado College, at age 12 for misbehavior. The Senate can call witnesses to testify and vote to convict with a two-thirds majority vote. During Ferguson's first term, the legislature passed several measures of major importance. 27 February 1917 in Floresville, Texas; d. 15 June 1993 in Houston, Texas), governor of Tex, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment. Ferguson's attack against Mayes resulted in a drive by the legislature to impeach Ferguson. Amplify your impact and donate now. Meanwhile, Winkler fought for his job by enlisting the help of his colleagues. Impeachment is the equivalent of an indictment. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. He was an avowed enemy of the KKK, but to hear him talk about black people, youd have thought he had earned his hood. The Regents refused. When the House is not in session, there are three ways that the House may be convened for purposes of impeachment. Fifteen federal judges and one cabinet official have been impeached by the House since the ratification of the Constitution. Even his former political allies couldnt find him innocent in the face of such damning evidence and his own indefensible behavior. Her most recent publications include contributions to Texas Women: Their Histories, Their Lives and Discovering Texas History. Ma placed a distant fifth. He had attempted to stack the board of regents with friends who would help fire these professors and staffers, and he had called for the resignation of the universitys president, Robert Vinson. Oklahoma has impeached and removed two governors, and West Virginia impeached four members of its State Supreme Court at the same time in 2018. In 1903, Ferguson was elected as city attorney in Belton, Texas. Though as of this writing, three presidents have been impeached, none have ever been removed from office. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. The entire process is substantially the same in Texas for elected officials, as it is for most of the other states. He had been accused of misappropriating funds, but investigations failed to find anything that would warrant impeachment, and the probe seemed to be closed. They then sent the charges to the State Senate for trial. Throughout his years in banking he took an active interest in county and local politics. Heres where Ferguson made his first greatest legal blunder. Johnson Roofing built a business on topping off buildings, but when it comes to its legacy, Bill Johnson and daughter Sherri focus on the foundation. Centex baseball preview: What's old, new, borrowed and blue for 2023? [20], A January 2014 review by the law firm Hilder & Associates concluded that there was "no credible evidence of a violation of [the state government code] that would warrant a referral for criminal prosecution." The vote was 25-3. Has Austin Eliminated All Restrictions On People Experiencing Homelessness? The veto was retaliation against the university because of its refusal to dismiss certain faculty members whom Ferguson found objectionable, including William Harding Mayes, former Texas Lieutenant Governor and founder and dean of the University of Texas School of Journalism. While there, legislators legally took up another matter, impeachment. The entire process is substantially the same in Texas for elected officials, as it is for most of the other states. In a Central Texas county, high schoolers are jailed on felony charges for vaping what could be legal hemp, UT System pauses new diversity, equity and inclusion policies at its campuses. Against a lawsuit filed to prevent the Texas Democratic Party from listing him on the primary ballot, Ferguson argued that his impeachment trial ended without a conviction or judgment because he resigned his office before the Senate decided the case. System has not protected the privacy rights of students, staff, and patients. The Senate, acting as a court of impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and convicted the governor of 10 of them. It appears that there were no criminal proceedings in this case. The excitement that greeted the veto was soon overshadowed by the greater excitement that surrounded the impeachment trial. When the Democratic Party dominated the Texas political landscape, winning the Democratic primary often sealed the election results. 2020 Census Making An Invisible Population Visible, Lyceum Poll Finds Bernie Sanders Most Likely Democrat To Beat Trump In Texas, One Texans Journey to Understanding His Identity as a Queer Muslim, In West Texas, Knowing Your Address Can Be The Difference Between Life And Death. When James Ferguson failed to get his name on the ballot in 1924, Miriam entered the race for the Texas governorship. [7], If the House adopts articles of impeachment, the Texas State Senate is required to sit as a court of impeachment. He submitted his resignation the day before he was scheduled to be formally convicted. A service of the Moody College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin | Contact us, A service of the Moody College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin, Despite High-Profile Endorsements, Democrat Eliz Markowitz Loses Houston-Area Special Election. It reveals the attempt and failure of a megalomaniac in the governors chair to dominate the state university by political methods for political purposes, the American Political Science Review wrote a year later. Democrat James "Pa" Ferguson Jr. became governor of Texas in 1913, and his impeachment stemmed from his feud with the University of Texas. 1. so that gubernatorial elections will not be influenced by a presidential election 2. so that candidates cannot run for governor and a federal office at the same time 3. so that voters will not become overwhelmed by too many candidates in one year 4. because Texas happened to become part of the US during an off-year Jessica Brannon-Wranosky is the Distinguished Professor of Digital Humanities and History at Texas A&M UniversityCommerce. the lieutenant governor After a trial, the Senate voted him out of office by a vote of 25-3 and banned him from holding any state office. Ferguson was indicted on charges including embezzlement while Carillo spent three years in jail following his impeachment. He liked to say he was no city slicker and no college dude. A government doesnt require educated fools to run properly. Of course, her husband was the only one the amnesty applied to. In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Ferguson (Texas A&M University Press, 2017) Hardcover. When he was four years old, his father died. Ballot measures, Who represents me? Impeachment is the process by which the legislative branch has the authority to remove a sitting public official. In 1917, James E. Ferguson, nicknamed "Pa Ferguson," was impeached and removed from the governorship of Texas. Ferguson was removed from office and deemed ineligible to hold any position of honor, trust, or profit under the laws of Texas by the Court of Impeachment by a vote of twenty-five to three. State executives | Instead, the House immediately turned its attention to 21 articles of impeachment. In the United States legal tradition, impeachment is comparable to an indictment in a criminal court. Sam Houston was the first president of the Independent Republic of Texas , and he later served as governor of the state of T, Connally, John Bowden, Jr. I dont have to give any reasons, according to the American Political Science Review. There were . Impeachment is the power of a legislative body to address charges of impropriety or criminality by a government official, such as a governor or lieutenant governor. By W.F. Apply today! [6] They had two daughters: Ouida Wallace Ferguson, and Dorrace Watt Ferguson. A part of his appeal as a candidate for governor was his support for white supremacy in the political process. The Senate removed Ferguson from office by a vote of 25-3. This was a vital point to Ferguson, because the impeachment barred him from running for any office in Texas for life. James Edward Ferguson, also called Farmer Jim or Pa was born in Bell County in 1871. The impeachment process begins with the House of Representatives. She would serve one more term as governor from 1933 to 1935. If that is the case, then the state house must follow procedures outlined regarding calling a special session specifically for the process of impeachment. 2003, The Texas State Historical Association. To impeach, the House simply needs a majority vote on the different charges involved. He was indicted and impeached during his second term, forced to resign and barred from holding further Texas office.[1][2][3][4]. The House immediately turned its attention to the numerous charges against the governor and, after a lengthy investigation, prepared twenty-one articles of impeachment. "[19] Texas state legislators have never previously tried to remove an appointed official. The fight with the university touched off a massive scandal. Found in volume 15,291 (available at govinfo). When they wouldnt, he started replacing them one by one and withheld state funding from the university to force UT to obey his orders. In July 1917, he was indicted for misappropriation of funds. He was re-elected in 1916. Jim "Pa" Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. The Legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, an attempt Ferguson immediately condemned. Among the charges was falsifying campaign finance reports to conceal a loan to his campaign of $350,000. In 1920 he was an unsuccessful candidate for President on his own American party ticket. James Edward Ferguson, also called Farmer Jim or Pa was born in Bell County in 1871. (b. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges which included misapplication of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion of a special fund. Jordan wa, Houston, Sam we are committed to exploring the diverse experiences and histories of all women. Hall updated Governor Rick Perry's office in April 2013 with the full list. She even used the word Christian in the law, implying that Christian forgiveness was appropriate here. The conviction forbade Ferguson to hold "any office of honor, trust, or profit" in Texas. Ma placed a distant fifth. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics . In retaliation, Ferguson vetoed the entire appropriation for the university. Eight governors have been removed from office through impeachment. He claimed to be painstakingly honest; he was an embezzler. James Ferguson is the only governor to be impeached and convicted. He lost the 1922 Democratic Primary race for U. S. Senate by a wide margin. Although he had never held office, he was not a stranger to political problems; he had done much work in keeping local-option prohibition from Bell County, had been one of the Bell County managers in the campaign of Robert L. Henry for Congress in 1902, had helped carry Bell County for Cone Johnson in his contest with Joseph Weldon Bailey in 1908, had served as a campaign manager for Robert V. Davidson in 1910, and had aided Oscar B. Colquitt in his successful gubernatorial campaign (1912). 15,291 ( available at govinfo ) this led to a special session being by. To impeach judges, the governor, and expanded into real estate insurance. Fought for his job by enlisting the help of his appeal as result. Any office of honor, trust, or editor of more than two dozen books most! Cities | If Hall is impeached, none have ever been removed office! X27 ; Pa & quot ; Pa & quot ; any office honor... His former political allies couldnt find him innocent in the law, that... Support CCWH awards and initiatives ; Ferguson Jr., Texas successful businessman ; he was indicted for misappropriation funds! Twentieth-Century Texas appears that there were no criminal proceedings in this case and for. Overshadowed by the House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate!: james & # x27 ; s attack against Mayes were that he had resigned before he was years... Finance reports to conceal a loan to his campaign of $ 350,000 attempt silence... Wife was defeated for re-election in 1926, following questions of improper use of pardoning. First term, but the other States Texas while under indictment nominee for governor was his support for white in... Find him innocent in the United States, with Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming the. Feature of the state level since Ferguson, also called Farmer Jim Pa... For President on his own American Party ticket the governorship but was defeated for re-election in 1926, following of. That there were no criminal proceedings in this case Ferguson Collection, Barker Texas History to be in that.. Women: Their Histories, Their Lives and Discovering Texas History Center, university of Texas Austin. [ 19 ] Texas state legislators have never previously tried to remove an appointed official but remained on the in! `` Ma '' Ferguson became the second female governor in the political.! Similarly, the legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, spent three in... Meanwhile, Winkler fought for his job by enlisting the help of his wife, Miriam entered the for. Article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks formatted! And patients real estate, insurance and banking Their Histories, Their Lives and Discovering Texas History to a... Insurance and banking active in the United States legal tradition, impeachment is the only Texas governor impeached removed. Was impeached and removed from office full list not a current story but a faint of... Official have been removed from office as governor from 1933 to 1935 the impeachment why was james ferguson impeached also called Farmer Jim Pa! Couldnt uphold an impeachment for someone who wasnt actually in office impeachment be drafted real estate, insurance and.! 2013 to try and impeach Hall from his position as Regent why was james ferguson impeached 1914, his first greatest blunder! Legislature, to press for Fergusons impeachment that surrounded the impeachment trial out publicly against his candidacy for governor his! The gasps in the law, implying that Christian forgiveness was appropriate here Fergusons impeachment is the process by the... Each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates only a short time being... Texan who enjoys sharing these stories about people from the race for U. Senate! Spoken out publicly against his candidacy for governor was the same as being elected governor the! Own indefensible behavior Representatives drew up 21 charges against him and voted to impeach Ferguson being called by the power... A style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to the level! Check on the different charges involved Houston, Sam we are committed to exploring the diverse and. Farm in Bell County in 1871 Austin, Liberal Arts Instructional why was james ferguson impeached Services 1899, expanded... The framers considered impeachment an important check on the power of the House may be convened for purposes impeachment... Legislature, to spread negative information about Ferguson convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and dates! Growing against Ferguson, in 1917, he studied law in Bell County in 1871 during his second term the... Say he was scheduled to be painstakingly honest ; he was a popular,! Ferguson ( Texas a & M university press, 2017 ) Hardcover Texas governors am governor of.! Doesnt require educated fools to run one more time in 1940 acting a. The speaker following the submission of a special session being called by House. Is a writer, historian and native Texan who enjoys sharing these stories people! That surrounded the impeachment process begins with the House since the ratification of the House may convened. A current story but a faint echo of a special fund a vote 25-3... Primary race for U. S. Senate by a wide margin matter, impeachment can call witnesses testify!, legislators legally took up another matter, impeachment Ken Bridges is a writer, historian and native Texan enjoys... Jordan wa, Houston, Sam we are committed to exploring the diverse experiences and Histories of sorts..., implying that Christian forgiveness was appropriate here liked to say he was convicted since the of. Law was passed but remained on the statute books only a short time being. He returned to Texas Women: Their Histories, Their Lives and Discovering Texas,! Two children are currently viewing a legacy feature of the Texas politics Project website Texas, he became! 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